badblocks.c

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/* badblocks - collect bad blocks in a file     Author: Jacob Bunschoten */

/* Usage "badblocks block_special [Up_to_7_blocks]" */

/* This program is written to handle BADBLOCKS on a hard or floppy disk.
 * The program asks for block_numbers. These numbers can be obtained with
 * the program readall, written by A. Tanenbaum.  It then creates a
 * file on the disk containing up to 7 bad blocks.
 *
 * BUG:
 *
 *      When the zone_size > block_size it can happen that
 *      the zone is already allocated. This means some
 *      file is using this zone and may use all the blocks including
 *      the bad one. This can be cured by inspecting the zone_bitmap
 *      (is already done) and change the file if this zone is used.
 *      This means that another zone must be allocated and
 *      the inode wich claims this zone must be found and changed.
 *
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <minix/config.h>
#include <minix/type.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "../../servers/fs/const.h"     /* must be included before stdio.h */
#undef printf                   /* so its define of printf can be undone */
#include "../../servers/fs/type.h"

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define EXTERN extern
#include "../../servers/fs/super.h"

_PROTOTYPE(int main, (int argc, char **argv));
_PROTOTYPE(void rw_super, (int flag));
_PROTOTYPE(void get_super, (void));
_PROTOTYPE(void put_super, (void));
_PROTOTYPE(void rw_inode, (struct stat * stat_ptr, int rw_mode));
_PROTOTYPE(void get_inode, (struct stat * stat_ptr));
_PROTOTYPE(void put_inode, (struct stat * stat_ptr));
_PROTOTYPE(long rd_cmdline, (int argc, char *argv[]));
_PROTOTYPE(void modify, (int nr_blocks));
_PROTOTYPE(void save_blk, (block_t blk_num));
_PROTOTYPE(void reset_blks, (void));
_PROTOTYPE(void show_blks, (void));
_PROTOTYPE(int blk_is_used, (block_t blk_num));
_PROTOTYPE(int blk_ok, (block_t num));
_PROTOTYPE(void set_bit, (zone_t num));
_PROTOTYPE(long rd_num, (void));
_PROTOTYPE(int ok, (char *str));
_PROTOTYPE(void done, (int nr));

/*              Super block table.
 *
 *      The disk layout is:
 *
 *      Item        # block
 *    boot block      1
 *    super block     1
 *    inode map     s_imap_blocks
 *    zone map      s_zmap_blocks
 *    inodes        (s_ninodes + 1 + inodes_per_block - 1)/inodes_per_block
 *    unused
 *    data zones    (s_nzones - s_firstdatazone) << s_log_zone_size
 *
 */

#define OK      0
#define NOT_OK  1
#define QUIT    2

#define READ    0
#define WRITE   1

#define HARMLESS        0
#define DIR_CREATED     1
#define DEV_MOUNTED     2
#define FILE_EXISTS     3
#define SUCCESS         4

#define BYTE         0377
#define BLOCK_SIZE   1024
#define SIZE_OF_INT   (sizeof (int) )

/* Define V_NR_DZONES as the larger of V1_NR_DZONES and V2_NR_DZONES. */
#if (V1_NR_DZONES > V2_NR_DZONES)
#define V_NR_DZONES V1_NR_DZONES
#define V_SMALLER   V2_NR_DZONES
#else
#define V_NR_DZONES V2_NR_DZONES
#define V_SMALLER   V1_NR_DZONES
#endif

#if 0
struct super_block {
  ino_t s_ninodes;              /* # usable inodes on the minor device */
  zone1_t s_nzones;             /* total device size, including bit maps etc */
  short s_imap_blocks;          /* # of blocks used by inode bit map */
  short s_zmap_blocks;          /* # of blocks used by zone bit map */
  zone1_t s_firstdatazone;      /* number of first data zone */
  short s_log_zone_size;        /* log2 of blocks/zone */
  off_t s_max_size;             /* maximum file size on this device */
  short s_magic;                /* magic number to recognize super-blocks */
  short s_pad;                  /* try to avoid compiler-dependent padding */
  zone_t s_zones;               /* number of zones (replaces s_nzones in V2) */
} super_block;
#endif

 /* ====== globals ======= */

char *dev_name;
char f_name[] = ".Bad_XXXXXX";
char file_name[50];
char dir_name[] = "/tmpXXXXXX";

block_t block[V_NR_DZONES + 1]; /* last block contains zero */
int interactive;                /* 1 if interactive (argc == 2) */
int position = 2;               /* next block # is argv[position] */

FILE *f;
int fd;
int eofseen;                    /* set if '\n' seen */
struct stat stat_buf;
struct super_block *sp, sbs;
int inodes_per_block;
size_t inode_size;
int v1fs = 0, v2fs = 0;                 /* TRUE for V1 file system, FALSE for V2 */

d1_inode d1inode;               /* declare a V1 disk inode */
d1_inode *ip1;
d2_inode d2inode;               /* declare a V2 disk inode */
d2_inode *ip2;


 /* ====== super block routines ======= */

void rw_super(flag)
int flag;
{                               /* read or write a superblock */
  int rwd;

  lseek(fd, 0L, SEEK_SET);      /* rewind */
  lseek(fd, (long) BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET);       /* seek */

  if (flag == READ)
        rwd = read(fd, (char *) sp, SUPER_SIZE);
  else
        rwd = write(fd, (char *) sp, SUPER_SIZE);
  if (rwd != SUPER_SIZE) {      /* ok ? */
        printf("Bad %s in get_super() (should be %u is %d)\n",
               flag == READ ? "read" : "write",
               (unsigned) SUPER_SIZE, rwd);
        done(DIR_CREATED);
  }
}

void get_super()
 /* Get super_block. global pointer sp is used */
{
  rw_super(READ);

  if (sp->s_magic == SUPER_MAGIC) {
        /* This is a V1 file system. */
        v1fs = 1;               /* file system is not V2 */
  } else if (sp->s_magic == SUPER_V2) {
        /* This is a V2 file system. */
        v2fs = 1;               /* this is a V2 file system */
  } else if (sp->s_magic == SUPER_V3) {
        v1fs = v2fs = 0;                /* this is a V3 file system */
  } else {
        /* Neither V1 nor V2 nor V3. */
        printf("Bad magic number in super_block (0x%x)\n",
               (unsigned) sp->s_magic);
        done(DIR_CREATED);
  }
}


void put_super()
{
  rw_super(WRITE);
}

 /* ========== inode routines =========== */

void rw_inode(stat_ptr, rw_mode)
struct stat *stat_ptr;
int rw_mode;
{
  int rwd;
  ino_t i_num;
  block_t blk, offset;


  i_num = stat_ptr->st_ino;

  blk = (block_t) (2 + sp->s_imap_blocks + sp->s_zmap_blocks);
  blk += (block_t) ((i_num - 1) / inodes_per_block);
  blk *= (block_t) (BLOCK_SIZE);/* this block */

  offset = (block_t) ((i_num - 1) % inodes_per_block);
  offset *= (block_t) (inode_size);     /* and this offset */

  lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, SEEK_SET);       /* rewind */
  lseek(fd, (off_t) (blk + offset), SEEK_SET);  /* seek */

  /* Pointer is at the inode */
  if (v1fs) {
        /* This is a V1 file system. */
        if (rw_mode == READ) {  /* read it */
                rwd = read(fd, (char *) ip1, inode_size);
        } else {                /* write it */
                rwd = write(fd, (char *) ip1, inode_size);
        }
  } else {
        /* This is a V2 file system. */
        if (rw_mode == READ) {  /* read it */
                rwd = read(fd, (char *) ip2, inode_size);
        } else {                /* write it */
                rwd = write(fd, (char *) ip2, inode_size);
        }
  }

  if (rwd != inode_size) {      /* ok ? */
        printf("Bad %s in get_inode()\n", (rw_mode == READ) ? "read" :
               "write");
        done(DIR_CREATED);
  }
}

void get_inode(stat_ptr)
struct stat *stat_ptr;
{

  int cnt;

  rw_inode(stat_ptr, READ);

  if (v1fs) {
        for (cnt = 0; cnt < V1_NR_TZONES; cnt++)
                ip1->d1_zone[cnt] = 0;  /* Just to be safe */
  } else {
        for (cnt = 0; cnt < V2_NR_TZONES; cnt++)
                ip2->d2_zone[cnt] = 0;  /* Just to be safe */
  }
}

void put_inode(stat_ptr)
struct stat *stat_ptr;
{
  rw_inode(stat_ptr, WRITE);
}


 /* ==============  main program ================= */
int main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
  int cnt, finished;
  block_t blk_nr;
  struct stat dev_stat;
  FILE *fp;
  int block_size;

  sp = &sbs;
  ip1 = &d1inode;
  ip2 = &d2inode;

  if (argc < 2 || argc > 9) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s block_special [up_to_7_blocks]\n", argv[0]);
        done(HARMLESS);
  }
  interactive = (argc == 2 ? 1 : 0);

  /* Do some test. */
  if (geteuid()) {
        printf("Sorry, not in superuser mode \n");
        printf("Set_uid bit must be on or you must become super_user\n");
        done(HARMLESS);
  }
  dev_name = argv[1];
  mktemp(dir_name);
  if (mkdir(dir_name, 0777) == -1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s is already used in system\n", dir_name);
        done(HARMLESS);
  }

  /* Mount device. This call may fail. */
  mount(dev_name, dir_name, 0);
  /* Succes. dev was mounted, try to umount */

  /* Umount device. Playing with the file system while other processes
   * have access to this device is asking for trouble */
  if (umount(dev_name) == -1) {
        printf("Could not umount device %s.\n", dev_name);
        done(HARMLESS);
  }
  mktemp(f_name);
  /* Create "/tmpXXXXpid/.BadXXpid" */
  strcat(file_name, dir_name);
  strcat(file_name, "/");
  strcat(file_name, f_name);

  if (mount(dev_name, dir_name, 0) == -1) {     /* this call should work */
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not mount device anymore\n");
        done(HARMLESS);
  }
  if (stat(file_name, &stat_buf) != -1) {
        printf("File %s already exists\n", file_name);
        done(DEV_MOUNTED);
  }
  if ((fp = fopen(file_name, "w")) == NULL) {
        printf("Cannot create file %s\n", file_name);
        done(DEV_MOUNTED);
  }
  chmod(file_name, 0);          /* "useless" file */
  if (stat(file_name, &stat_buf) == -1) {
        printf("What? Second call from stat failed\n");
        done(FILE_EXISTS);
  }

  /* Stat buf must be safed. We can now calculate the inode on disk */
  fclose(fp);

  /* ===== the badblock file is created ===== */

  if (umount(dev_name) == -1) {
        printf("Can not umount device anymore??? \n");
        done(DIR_CREATED);
  }
  if ((fd = open(dev_name, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
        printf("Can not open device %s\n", dev_name);
        done(DEV_MOUNTED);
  }
  if (fstat(fd, &dev_stat) == -1) {
        printf("fstat on device %s failed\n", dev_name);
        done(DEV_MOUNTED);
  }
  if ((dev_stat.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFBLK) {
        printf("Device \"%s\" is not a block_special.\n", dev_name);
        done(DEV_MOUNTED);
  }
  get_super();
  if (sp->s_log_zone_size) {
        printf("Block_size != zone_size.");
        printf("This program can not handle it\n");
        done(DIR_CREATED);
  }
  if(v1fs || v2fs) block_size = 1024;
  else block_size = sp->s_block_size;

  /* The number of inodes in a block differs in V1 and V2. */
  if (v1fs) {
        inodes_per_block = V1_INODES_PER_BLOCK;
        inode_size = V1_INODE_SIZE;
  } else {
        inodes_per_block = V2_INODES_PER_BLOCK(block_size);
        inode_size = V2_INODE_SIZE;
  }

  get_inode(&stat_buf);

  for (finished = 0; !finished;) {
        if (interactive)
                printf("Give up to %d bad block numbers separated by spaces\n",
                       V_SMALLER);
        reset_blks();
        cnt = 0;                /* cnt keep track of the zone's */
        while (cnt < V_SMALLER) {
                int tst;

                if (interactive)
                        blk_nr = rd_num();
                else
                        blk_nr = rd_cmdline(argc, argv);
                if (blk_nr == -1) break;
                tst = blk_ok(blk_nr);

                /* Test if this block is free */
                if (tst == OK) {
                        cnt++;
                        save_blk(blk_nr);
                } else if (tst == QUIT)
                        break;
        }
        if (interactive) show_blks();
        if (!cnt) done(FILE_EXISTS);
        if (interactive) {
                switch (ok("All these blocks ok <y/n/q> (y:Device will change) ")) {
                    case OK:    finished = 1;   break;
                    case NOT_OK:
                        break;
                    case QUIT:  done(FILE_EXISTS);
                }
        } else {
                finished = 1;
        }
  }

  modify(cnt);
  close(fd);                    /* free device */
  done(SUCCESS);
  return(0);
}

long rd_cmdline(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
  if (position == argc) return(-1);
  return(atol(argv[position++]));
}


void modify(nr_blocks)
int nr_blocks;
{
  int i;

  if (nr_blocks == 0) return;
  if (v1fs) {
        /* This is a V1 file system. */
        for (i = 0; i < nr_blocks; i++) {
                set_bit(block[i]);
                ip1->d1_zone[i] = block[i];
        }
  } else {
        /* This is a V2 file system. */
        for (i = 0; i < nr_blocks; i++) {
                set_bit(block[i]);
                ip2->d2_zone[i] = block[i];
        }
  }
  if (v1fs) {
        ip1->d1_size = (long) (BLOCK_SIZE * nr_blocks); /* give file size */
        ip1->d1_mtime = 0;      /* Who wants a file from 1970? */
  } else {
        ip2->d2_size = (long) (BLOCK_SIZE * nr_blocks); /* give file size */
        ip2->d2_atime = ip2->d2_mtime = ip2->d2_ctime = 0;
  }

  put_inode(&stat_buf);         /* save the inode on disk */
  put_super();                  /* bit_maps too */
}


static blk_cnt = 0;

void save_blk(blk_num)
block_t blk_num;
{
  block[blk_cnt++] = blk_num;
}

void reset_blks()
{
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i <= V_NR_DZONES; i++)
        block[i] = 0;           /* Note: Last block_number is set to zero */
  blk_cnt = 0;
}

void show_blks()
{
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < blk_cnt; i++)
        printf("Block[%d] = %lu\n", i, (unsigned long) block[i]);
}

int blk_is_used(blk_num)
block_t blk_num;
{                               /* return TRUE(1) if used */
  int i;

  for (i = 0; block[i] && block[i] != blk_num; i++);
  return(block[i] != 0) ? 1 : 0;
}


 /* ===== bitmap handling ======         */

#define BIT_MAP_SHIFT   13
#define INT_BITS        (SIZE_OF_INT << 3)

int blk_ok(num)                 /* is this zone free (y/n) */
block_t num;
{
  block_t blk_offset;
  int rd;
  int blk, offset, words, bit, tst_word;
  zone_t z_num;

  if (blk_is_used(num)) {
        printf("Duplicate block (%lu) given\n", (unsigned long) num);
        return NOT_OK;
  }

  /* Assumption zone_size == block_size */

  z_num = num - (sp->s_firstdatazone - 1);      /* account offset */

  /* Calculate the word in the bitmap. */
  blk = z_num >> BIT_MAP_SHIFT; /* which block */
  offset = z_num - (blk << BIT_MAP_SHIFT);      /* offset */
  words = z_num / INT_BITS;     /* which word */

  blk_offset = (block_t) (2 + sp->s_imap_blocks);       /* zone map */
  blk_offset *= (block_t) BLOCK_SIZE;   /* of course in block */
  blk_offset += (block_t) (words * SIZE_OF_INT);        /* offset */


  lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, SEEK_SET);       /* rewind */
  lseek(fd, (off_t) blk_offset, SEEK_SET);      /* set pointer at word */

  rd = read(fd, (char *) &tst_word, SIZE_OF_INT);
  if (rd != SIZE_OF_INT) {
        printf("Read error in bitmap\n");
        done(DIR_CREATED);
  }

  /* We have the tst_word, check if bit was off */
  bit = offset % INT_BITS;

  if (((tst_word >> bit) & 01) == 0)    /* free */
        return OK;
  else {
        printf("Bad number %lu. ", (unsigned long) num);
        printf("This zone (block) is marked in bitmap\n");
        return NOT_OK;
  }
}

void set_bit(num)               /* write in the bitmap */
zone_t num;
{
  int rwd;
  long blk_offset;
  int blk, offset, words, tst_word, bit;
  unsigned z_num;

  z_num = num - (sp->s_firstdatazone - 1);

  blk = z_num >> BIT_MAP_SHIFT; /* which block */
  offset = z_num - (blk << BIT_MAP_SHIFT);      /* offset in block */
  words = z_num / INT_BITS;     /* which word */

  blk_offset = (long) (2 + sp->s_imap_blocks);
  blk_offset *= (long) BLOCK_SIZE;
  blk_offset += (long) (words * SIZE_OF_INT);


  lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, SEEK_SET);       /* rewind */
  lseek(fd, (off_t) blk_offset, SEEK_SET);

  rwd = read(fd, (char *) &tst_word, SIZE_OF_INT);
  if (rwd != SIZE_OF_INT) {
        printf("Read error in bitmap\n");
        done(DEV_MOUNTED);
  }
  bit = offset % INT_BITS;
  if (((tst_word >> bit) & 01) == 0) {  /* free */
        lseek(fd, 0L, SEEK_SET);/* rewind */
        lseek(fd, (off_t) blk_offset, SEEK_SET);
        tst_word |= (1 << bit); /* not free anymore */
        rwd = write(fd, (char *) &tst_word, SIZE_OF_INT);
        if (rwd != SIZE_OF_INT) {
                printf("Bad write in zone map\n");
                printf("Check file system \n");
                done(DIR_CREATED);
        }
        return;
  }
  printf("Bit map indicates that block %lu is in use. Not marked.\n",
         (unsigned long) num);
/*  done(DIR_CREATED); */
  return;
}

 /* ======= interactive interface ======= */

long rd_num()
{                               /* read a number from stdin */
  long num;
  int c;

  if (eofseen) return(-1);
  do {
        c = getchar();
        if (c == EOF || c == '\n') return(-1);
  } while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9'));

  if (c == '-') {
        printf("Block numbers must be positive\n");
        exit(1);
  }
  num = 0;
  while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
        num *= 10;
        num += c - '0';
        c = getchar();
        if (c == '\n') eofseen = 1;
  }
  return num;
}



int ok(str)
char *str;
{
  int c;

  for (;;) {
        printf("%s", str);
        while ((c = getchar()) != EOF &&
               c != 'y' && c != 'n' && c != 'q')
                if (c != '\n') printf(" Bad character %c\n", (char) c);
        switch (c) {
            case EOF:
                return QUIT;
            case 'y':
                return OK;
            case 'n':
                return NOT_OK;
            case 'q':   return QUIT;
        }
        printf("\n");
  }
}


void done(nr)
int nr;
{
  switch (nr) {
      case SUCCESS:
      case FILE_EXISTS:
        unlink(file_name);
      case DEV_MOUNTED:
        umount(dev_name);
      case DIR_CREATED:
        rmdir(dir_name);
      case HARMLESS:;
  }
  sync();
  exit(nr == SUCCESS ? 0 : 1);
}

---